2014年11月19日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ 总部位于加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳市的Arrowhead是一家专注于RNAi药物疗法开发的生物医药公司。最近其宣布开发的用于治疗乙肝的RNAi药物ARC-520取得良好的临床二期研究数据。
在这项有54名患者参与的临床二期研究中，研究数据显示，使用这种药物后，患者的乙肝表面抗原HbsAg明显减少。这也是目前第一种处于此阶段的RNAi药物。ARC-520采用了Arrowhead公司独有的Dynamic Polyconjugates输送系统。其原理是通过RNA干扰封闭乙肝病毒某些蛋白的表达，造成病毒无法增殖，然后再利用机体的免疫系统对剩余病毒进行清除。
研究人员目前已经完成了3mg/kg剂量组的相关研究，公司正在进行4mg/kg剂量组的研究。
Arrowhead公司现有三种RNAi药物正处于研发过程，其中ARC-520是走的最远的一个项目。此外Arrowhead公司还有治疗癌症的小分子非RNA药物Cyclosert也正处于临床二期研究过程中。
今年二月份，公司完成了一项价值一亿两千万美元的融资。
不过，Arrowhead公司并没有独霸这一领域。几乎在同时，另一家RNAi研究专家Alnylam也公布了两项RNAi药物的研究结果。尽管这一领域尚未完全成长，但是有分析人士预计这一领域2020年市场份额将达到12亿美元左右。
不过，目前活跃在这一研究领域的主要是专注于RNAi的中小型生物医药公司，大型生物医药巨头则甚少涉足其中。去年诺华公司和默沙东公司就宣布退出这一领域。因此，RNAi这一领域未来发展如何还需要等时间来检验。
详细英文报道：
RNA interference specialist Arrowhead ($ARWR) presented new data from an ongoing Phase IIa study of its hepatitis B treatment ARC-520, demonstrating a reduction of the disease's surface antigens in what the company says is a first for RNAi.
Arrowhead has been chugging along on its hepatitis B candidate, which makes use of the company's delivery system designed to overcome the vast challenges associated with RNAi. Last year, CEO Christopher Anzalone told FierceDrugDelivery that the polymer-based platform stands apart from other RNA platforms due to its ability to release the genetic material, what they term "endosomal escape." The company's Dynamic Polyconjugate approach allows for a "masking" and "unmasking" process that protects the RNA as it enters the cell, but also allows it to perform its interference duty once inside.
The new human data for ARC-520 showed significant reduction of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), according to Arrowhead, as compared to placebo for up to 85 days, with the lowest point at about a month after dosing in the 54-patient study. Back in March, the company called its candidate a "functional cure" due to the presence of an "immunological flare" in primate studies.
In addition to the hepatitis treatment, Arrowhead also has another RNAi candidate for liver disease associated with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. In preclinical mouse studies, the company's ARC-AAT induced a greater-than-95% reduction in circulating AAT after a single dose. And primates also showed more than 80% knockdown over 6 weeks of treatment, the company said.
Back in February, Arrowhead picked up a $120 million public offering.
"These programs and our expanding pipeline of RNAi therapeutics continue to generate exciting data that further validate the utility of the DPC delivery system," Anzalone said in a statement. "We have seen clear activity across multiple preclinical models and are now seeing activity in humans. We are still dose escalating in the ARC-520 Phase IIa, where dosing is complete in the 3 mg/kg cohort and screening has begun for 4 mg/kg. We believe that the initial data from the first two dose cohorts as well as safety data from the Phase I volunteer study are encouraging and support advancement of the program into multidose Phase IIb studies. We are currently preparing regulatory filings for the ARC-520 Phase IIb and the ARC-AAT Phase I, both of which we expect to be filed this quarter. We intend to initiate those studies soon after receiving regulatory permission to begin."
Today, fellow RNAi specialist Alnylam ($ALNY) added two new early-stage programs for hepatitis to its pipeline, also at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases meeting in Boston. Diseases of the liver are a promising target for the treatment paradigm because the organ is amenable to drug delivery of RNAi molecules.
Alnylam, Arrowhead and others are striving for the first clinically viable RNAi treatment, a concept that garnered the Nobel prize in 2006 but has lingered on the fringe of commercialization for almost a decade. Some big names like Merck ($MRK) and Novartis ($NVS) dropped out of the space in the last year, contributing to a loss of faith for some, but the smaller specialists in the arena have forged on. Though still outside the commercial market, analysts recently forecast that RNA-based therapies would generate $1.2 billion in revenue by 2020 with large-scale public and private funding to back it up. So perhaps there's hope after all.